ARA-290 (cibinetide)
An 11-amino-acid peptide derived from erythropoietin, non-erythropoietic, that engages the innate repair receptor for tissue protection and anti-inflammatory effects.
Bacteriostatic water
BPC-157
A pentadecapeptide derived from human gastric juice, studied for its role in tissue repair and cytoprotection.
Cagrilintide
A long-acting amylin analogue that drives satiety through a different route than the GLP class, studied in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema).
CJC-1295
A modified GHRH analog studied for its role in sustained growth hormone axis signaling and endocrine research.
CJC-1295 no DAC
A shorter-acting GHRH analog discussed in relation to pulsatile GH-axis signaling and endocrine pharmacology research.
Dihexa
A synthetic angiotensin IV-derived peptide reported in preclinical studies to potentiate hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signalling; studied in rodent models of memory and synaptic connectivity. No human studies have been published.
DSIP
An endogenous neuromodulatory nonapeptide originally isolated for its ability to induce delta sleep, with a broad profile of stress-protective and mitochondrial effects.
Epitalon
A synthetic tetrapeptide investigated in the context of cellular aging mechanisms, particularly telomerase activity and pineal gland function. Originally derived from research on bovine pineal extract, Epitalon has been studied in preclinical and limited human research for its potential role in regulating circadian biology and cellular longevity pathways.
FOXO4-DRI
A senolytic D-retro-inverso peptide designed to disrupt the interaction between FOXO4 and p53 in senescent cells.
GHK-Cu
GHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, a sequence found naturally in human plasma, saliva and urine. It is studied as a copper chaperone, delivering Cu²⁺ to enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in extracellular-matrix turnover and the cellular response to tissue stress. The compound has one of the broader preclinical literature bases among research peptides, predominantly in animal wound and tissue-repair models; modern controlled human studies remain limited.
GHRP-2
A synthetic hexapeptide that stimulates growth hormone release via GHS-R1a, with clinical use as a diagnostic agent for growth hormone deficiency in Japan.
GHRP-6
A synthetic ghrelin-mimetic hexapeptide (growth hormone-releasing peptide-6) that stimulates growth hormone release via the ghrelin receptor.
Gonadorelin
Synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH/LHRH), an approved decapeptide that stimulates pituitary LH and FSH release.
Hexarelin
A synthetic hexapeptide that stimulates growth hormone release via GHS-R1a and CD36 receptors, with a notably well-researched protective effect on cardiac tissue.
Humanin
A naturally occurring mitochondrial peptide studied for its role in cell survival, metabolic regulation, and ageing biology.
IGF-1 LR3
A synthetic analog of IGF-1 with an arginine substitution and N-terminal extension that strongly reduces binding to IGF-binding proteins, resulting in extended biological availability.
Ipamorelin
A selective growth hormone secretagogue peptide studied for its role in ghrelin receptor signaling and pulsatile GH release.
Kisspeptin-10
The C-terminal decapeptide of kisspeptin, a potent activator of the reproductive hormone axis via the KISS1 receptor.
KPV
A synthetic tripeptide derived from the C-terminal fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, studied for anti-inflammatory effects via NF-kB inhibition.
Larazotide
A synthetic octapeptide that regulates intestinal tight junctions (a zonulin antagonist), studied for celiac disease.
Liraglutide
A first-generation GLP-1 receptor agonist with an approximately half-day half-life, extensively studied in type 2 diabetes and weight regulation.
LL-37
An endogenous antimicrobial peptide of human origin, studied for a broad activity profile including wound healing, angiogenesis, and immune modulation.
Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
A linear alpha-MSH analogue and melanocortin-1 receptor agonist, approved (Scenesse) for erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Melanotan II
A synthetic cyclic heptapeptide with superpotent activity on melanocortin receptors, studied for skin pigmentation and as an early clinical model for melanocortin pharmacology.
MOTS-c
A mitochondrial-derived peptide linked to metabolic homeostasis and exercise mimetic effects.
Oxytocin
A cyclic nonapeptide hormone acting on the oxytocin receptor; an approved obstetric drug with an extensive human research literature.
Pinealon
A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by the St. Petersburg Institute for Bioregulation, studied for neuroprotective and anti-aging effects.
Pramlintide
A synthetic analogue of the pancreatic hormone amylin, extensively studied and approved as an adjunct to mealtime insulin in diabetes.
PT-141
A synthetic cyclic peptide analog of alpha-MSH that activates melanocortin receptors in the central nervous system. Registered as a pharmaceutical in the US (bremelanotide/Vyleesi) for HSDD.
Retatrutide
Retatrutide, referred to in the research literature as LY3437943, is a 39-amino-acid synthetic peptide that engages three receptors central to metabolism simultaneously. It was designed by researchers at Eli Lilly as the first of its kind: a single molecule that activates the GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptors at the same time. This threefold engagement makes it a widely studied compound in research on energy and glucose regulation.
Selank
A synthetic analog of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin with anxiolytic-like properties in preclinical models.
Semaglutide
A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist with an approximately one-week half-life, extensively studied in type 2 diabetes and weight regulation.
Semax
A synthetic heptapeptide derived from adrenocorticotropic hormone, studied for its effects on BDNF expression, learning, and neuroprotection.
Sermorelin
A well-characterized GHRH analog studied for its role in growth hormone release and endocrine signaling research.
SS-31
A synthetic tetrapeptide that selectively targets the inner mitochondrial membrane via cardiolipin binding. In September 2025, elamipretide (SS-31) received accelerated FDA approval for Barth syndrome.
TB-500
A synthetic seven-amino-acid fragment (Ac-LKKTETQ, ~889 Da) of the actin-binding region of thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4); not interchangeable with the full Tβ4 protein.
Tesamorelin
A GHRH analog with more mature translational evidence, studied in GH-axis signaling and metabolic research contexts.
Thymosin Alpha-1
A synthetic 28 amino acid peptide originally isolated from thymus tissue, registered as a pharmaceutical in multiple countries for hepatitis B and immune modulation in severe infections.
Thymosin Beta-4
An endogenous actin-binding peptide studied for its role in tissue repair, cell migration, and regenerative signaling.
Thymulin
A zinc-dependent thymic nonapeptide studied for its role in T-cell maturation and the regulation of inflammatory signalling.
Tirzepatide
A long-acting dual agonist at both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors, extensively studied in type 2 diabetes and weight regulation.